Konoplja (Cannabis) je jednogodišnja zeljasta biljka iz porodice Cannabaceae, kojoj pripadaju tri podvrste: Cannabis sativa (industrijska konoplja), Cannabis indica (indijska konoplja) i Cannabis ruderalis (ruderalna konoplja). Njezino ime nastalo je na Dalekom istoku, od staroindijskoga bhanga i asirsko-babilonskoga qunnabu, pa preko grčkoga kánnabis do germanskoga hanapiz. Konoplja, koju je čovjek u Kini kultivirao prije deset tisuća godina, postala je najznačajnija sirovina u tekstilnoj, građevinskoj i pomorskoj industriji. Na papiru od konoplje 1455. tiskana je prva knjiga, poznata Gutenbergova Biblija, kao i Američka deklaracija o nezavisnosti iz 1776. Konoplja ima listove nalik na šaku, pa se vjerovalo da je božanskoga podrijetla. Prema legendi Buda se na svojemu putu ka prosvjetljenju hranio sjemenkama konoplje. Druga legenda kaže da je ona pronađena na grobu kralja Salomona. Na iskopinama u Beit Shemeshu blizu Jeruzalema u grobu jedne žene (1500 godinu pr. Krista) pronađeni su ostaci konoplje. Arheolozi pretpostavljaju da je žena umrla pri porodu, dok su joj davali konoplju kako bi olakšala porođajne muke. Konoplja je jedna od svetih biljaka u mnogim religijama tijekom povijesti čovječanstva. U staroj germanskoj kulturi bila je povezana s božicom ljubavi Freyom, za koju se vjerovalo da živi u ženskim cvjetovima konoplje. U magijskim radnjama upotrebljavala se za suzbijanje zlih sila i demona, oluje i grada. Ako se u jednome danu izatkala košulja od konoplje, čije se predivo nazivalo kudjelja, štitila je čak i od pogubne kuge. U narodnoj medicini koristila se protiv groznice, vrućice, zaduha i bolesti želuca. U Hercegovini je zabilježena narodna predaja o zakopanome blagu koje će prva pronaći sirota djevojka pletući košulju od crne kudjelje (konoplje). (Radoslav Dodig)
Hemp (Cannabis) is an annual herbaceous plant from the Cannabaceae family, which three subspecies belong to: Cannabis sativa (industrial hemp), Cannabis indica (Indian hemp) and Cannabis ruderalis (ruderal hemp). Its name was created in the Far East, from ancient Indian bhang and Assyrian-Babylon qunnabu through the Greek kannabic to Germanic hanapiz. Hemp, which was cultivated in China before ten thousand years ago, has become the most important raw in the textile, construction and marine industry. The first book was printed on the hemp paper in 1455, known as Gutenberg Bible, as well as the American Declaration of Independence in 1776. Hemp has leaves like a fist and it was believed that it is of divine origin. According to the legend Buddha, on his way to the enlightenment, fed with hemp seeds. Another legend states that hemp was found on the king Salomon's tomb. On the excavations site of Beit Shemeshu near Jerusalem, in the tomb of one woman (1500 BC), remains of hemp were found. Archaeologists assume that woman died in childbirth, while they gave her hemp in order to facilitate the birth pangs. Hemp is one of the sacred plants in many religions throughout human history. In ancient Germanic culture, it was associated with the goddess of love Frey, for which was believed to live in the female flowers of cannabis. In magical works hemp serves for combating with evil forces and demons, storms and hail. If hemp shirt was weaved in one day, whose yarn was called tow, it protected even form deadly plague. In folk medicine it was used against fever, shortness of breath and stomach pain. Folk legend about buried treasure in Herzegovina was popular and the treasure will be first found by the poor girl who knitted shirt from black hemp (cannabis). (source ... Radoslav Dodig)
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